Category: New media

  • What's next

    What’s next?

    There has never been a more repeated question in all of marketing, and there has never been a time that question has been asked more frequently than now. Marketing, like so many other industries, has had its world turned upside down in the last decade. Marketing executives’ heads are spinning at such a rate that if you put magnets and wiring around them, they could generate enough electricity to power a company. Marketing professionals from the C suite down to the entry level college graduate are all wondering what’s next. What opportunities are there? What will imperil my career?

    Here’s a couple of thoughts on what’s next. Disclaimer: this is speculation. I reserve the right to be wrong.

    Decentralization is coming to social networks. Look at the specs very carefully for Google Wave and you’ll see that behind the flashy interface is a massive re-architecting of social networks, making them much more resistant to shock. The Wave protocol (separate from the product itself) specifies that a federated data store and server be available for Wave. Just like your company has its own email server, so it might have a Wave server if you jump on board that platform.

    What does this mean for you? Services like Twitter, for example, are highly centralized. From fail whales to databases, everything Twitter does is centralized, which also means that if the company ever goes out of business, everything you’ve built on Twitter goes with it. Wave is Google’s answer to that – if the architecture plays out the way it reads, it will make local stores of all your social networking activity, meaning that if Twitter the company goes down or goes away, theoretically, Wave’s knowledge of how it works will let you keep on tweeting.

    Takeaway: resilience for social networks is on the way, which means that the time and effort you spend now may someday soon have persistence. That will eventually make social networking an easier sell, as you’ll own your data. For now, make sure you keep backing up your social networks.

    Your email list is more important than ever. Yes, social media is taking off like a rocket ship. Yes, new ways of communicating are appearing every day, it seems. The currency up until now of Web 2.0 has been the email address. Ask yourself how many times a social network wants to check your GMail or Yahoo account as soon as you sign up, so you can invite your friends. Some services are starting to migrate to OAuth, which means service to service communication is improving without the need for an email address, like Friendfeed and Twitter. That said, check out this tech spec, again from the Wave protocol documentation:

    Wave users have wave addresses which consist of a user name and a wave provider domain in the same form as an email address, namely @. Wave addresses can also refer to groups, robots, gateways, and other services. A group address refers to a collection of wave addresses, much like an email mailing list. A robot can be a translation robot or a chess game robot. A gateway translates between waves and other communication and sharing protocols such as email and IM. In the remainder we ignore addressees that are services, including robots and gateways – they are treated largely the same as users with respect to federation.

    Takeaway: The Wave protocol uses the same syntax as email. Many other services still use email addresses as their primary mode of identification. Build your house lists now like crazy, and protect your email lists at all costs! If you rent or sell lists, rethink your pricing on them, because as each big new service goes online with email as a primary identifier (Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, Wave, etc.), the value of that address to connect to your customers keeps going up, up, up.

    Trust is becoming less abstract. Mitch Joel mentioned this on a recent episode of Media Hacks, his fear that social networks will become more private as tools allow people to maintain their private networks more easily. We see this already in Facebook, as its privacy settings have grown more granular over the years, and you can bet that as more distributed protocols become available, the tools for separating private from public will become more powerful. It wouldn’t surprise me to see spam filtering companies evolve to integrate with social networks in the near future, creating whitelists of people who are permitted to contact you through a variety of different means based on your friendships with them.

    You have a very limited period of time right now when everything is in the open, when you can openly and plainly see influencers, when you can openly and plainly see how people are networked together. Study the networks now! As privacy continues to evolve, this period of Wild West openness will fade away, and suddenly the job of being a marketer will become a nightmare for anyone who relies on mass marketing, because the consumer simply will not let you in, not to their whitelist, not to their inner circle, not to their sphere of influence, unless the consumer actually wants what you have.

    Takeaways: Spend time, invest time now in making connections with influencers, with superhubs in the social networks, because you’ll need their help later on to reach their trusted networks when you no longer can. Focus intensely on search, as that will be the one open mechanism for consumers to find you.

    Above all else, maintain your focus on making products or services that don’t suck, because the tolerance for mediocrity will continue to decrease. No one wants mediocre in their social circles. They want awesome. They want to talk about awesome, share awesome, and be both consumer and purveyor of all things awesome. If you are not awesome, if your company’s products or services are not awesome, then the best advice I have is to keep your resume up to date.

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  • Rockstars of conversation

    Last night I had the opportunity to attend Radian6’s Rockstars of Social CRM. Interesting event. The panel discussion was mostly on interaction with customers, but all of the side conversations throughout the night made it absolutely epic. Some highlights:

    Radian6 Rockstars of Social CRM

    Talking with Olivier Blanchard about the ultimate evolution of social media and speculating what true mastery of communications looks like.

    Geeking out with Dan York over yet even more new stuff about Google Wave, including rich media in Waves and Wavelets. Incredible. Stay tuned as he’ll have a video we recorded about what Wave will make possible that’s beyond our ability to grasp yet.

    Chris Brogan going gangsta.

    Radian6 Rockstars of Social CRM

    Talking with Chris Newton about some of the new back-end features of Radian6’s integration with Salesforce. Honestly, I’m not sure they even fully get what they’ve created, but if they’re both lucky and good, they’re going to manufacture a bucket of money. We’ll see if the idea discussed over dinner can turn them from a million dollar category business to a billion dollar category business. Let’s hope they do.

    Hanging out with the Boston social media crowd.

    Radian6 Rockstars of Social CRM

    The true power of events like this isn’t even in the entertainment or the presentation, but in putting lots of very smart people in one room and letting the chips fall where they may. Last night, as long as folks were paying attention and studying carefully what was being demo’ed, everyone was dealt a flush hand. If you were there, I hope you took advantage of the amazing conversations and know what the future looks like for the next 12-18 months in social media.

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  • I was on a boat called PAB09

    Podcasters Across Borders 2009 has wrapped up and the team of Mark Blevis and Bob Goyetche threw yet another impressive event. This year’s PAB theme was ostensibly bringing outside knowledge into the podcasting world, but the general subject of many of the presentations was on story more than anything – ways to more effectively communicate your story from Six String Nation to a Hollywood career. There were some spectacular new tools and techniques debuted which I look forward to integrating into my shows, the Financial Aid Podcast and Marketing Over Coffee, ideas that I think will, if they work well, bring things up a notch. Also picked up some great new photography techniques I’ll be trying out soon.

    Along the way, I presented an 18 minute talk on monetization and why it’s vital to new media. Longtime readers of this blog will find many of the themes to be as familiar as old friends.

    I also did my usual Sunday morning semi-improv presentation, My Top 20 Social Media Tools. Unlike the other presentation, I’m not publishing this presentation in any context, and here’s why: you had to be there and ready.

    The Sunday morning presentation is always a tough one for people to make. It’s at 8 AM, which, after a night of partying, only the hardcore attendees can usually make. Delivering a super-tight, all-meat presentation that many have expressed a desire to see is my way of thanking them for making that extra effort to show up.

    It’s also part of a martial arts lesson my teacher, Mark Davis of the Boston Martial Arts Center, is constantly reinforcing with us. Very often in the black belt class, he’ll show a technique only once as a way of helping us train our minds to capture and catch as much information as possible, to be vigilant about paying attention.

    Social media in some ways makes us reliant on the crowd, reliant on the tools, reliant on waiting for someone to retweet or blog or podcast an important event. That laziness – and it is mental laziness – softens our ability to capture vitally important things that happen which may never happen again. Think about your own life. Have you ever had the experience of missing a child’s first important event, missing a news story break on the street right in front of you, missing a key piece of information at a conference? I know I’ve missed information, especially in the dojo, because of a lack of focus. I know I’ve missed some terrific photos due to inattentiveness.

    Thus, that presentation will never happen again, at least not like that. The slides won’t be posted, the video won’t be uploaded, the information never shown again. If you were there – fully and wholly there, meaning you were paying attention and not twittering, blogging, chatting, etc. – then you got some information I hope you find useful. If you weren’t there, then please make the effort to actually show up at events like Podcasters Across Borders or PodCamp rather than hoping someone will live stream/live tweet/live be there for you. You’ll find that there are many more gems from the weekend which will probably not be published from other presenters and attendees as well.

    Also, big shout outs to all of the longtime friends and fabulous conversations from the weekend, from Marko Kulik’s photo advice to intense debates about the future of media with Whitney Hoffman, Tod Maffin, and Julien Smith, to the many other great conversations over the weekend.

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  • How exactly is this making a difference?

    I have a serious question for everyone who’s not in the country of Iran but is participating in the various Iran memes floating around the social media world, such as changing your location or making your avatar green. I want to hear your thoughts and debate on this.

    How does something like changing your avatar or other forms of “showing your support” make any tangible difference to the citizens of Iran?

    Bonus: if you’re Iranian, I’d like to hear what tangible impact the memes and movements online have had on you and your fellow citizens.

    Please leave your comments, thoughts, and opinions below. Keep it civil.

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  • Social media's defining factor

    I posed a question on Twitter that cuts to the heart of all of this stuff:

    What is social media? Seriously, what defines social media from any other form of media?

    Lots of folks responded.

    bigguyd: @cspenn interactions. SM is a two way street where traditional media is one way, typically.
    comedy4cast: @cspenn We all wear colorful hats!
    discordia77: @cspenn other forms of media have “experts” telling the information, social media is interactive between all elements involved in the story.
    seanrehder: @cspenn asks “define social media.” Social = peer and media = information. Social media = information gained from our peers vs. “the man.”
    sizzlemaker: @cspenn Media–such as newspapers or broadcasts–is one way. Someone producing content to give you. Social media allows you to interact.
    tommorris: @cspenn Nothing. ‘Social media’ is a term used by marketeers for just about everything. It’s lost all meaning. It’s a pointless buzzword.
    keithbooe: @cspenn higher level of real time (or near) interaction and direct user involvement than traditional media?
    mlseaton: @cspenn the amount of people claiming to be experts or gurus! That is pretty much what defines it.
    Ed: Essentially @cspenn Built in sharing. Conducive both by design, and user intent
    JoyHaynes: @cspenn For me, real time conversation and connections to other people.
    theelusivefish: @cspenn imho, there are 2 things distinguishing social media from the rest – low barriers to entry and the ability for any to participate
    kristenmchugh22: @cspenn SM is both expression & engagement. There are some ppl wielding infl for good&selfish int., but not engaging on meaningful scale.
    heykeenan: @cspenn the connection makes social media different from other media.

    Here’s what I think defines social media apart from any other form of media: Metcalfe’s Law.

    From Wikipedia:

    Metcalfe’s law states that the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n2). First formulated in this form by George Gilder in 1993, and attributed to Robert Metcalfe in regard to Ethernet, Metcalfe’s law was originally presented, circa 1980, not in term of users, but rather of “compatibly communicating devices” (for example, fax machines).

    Something can be termed social media when its core value relies on the network effect – Metcalfe’s Law.

    For example, is a blog post a form of social media? No. The value of the blog post is the same whether one person reads it or one million people read it. Its value is inherent in and of itself. The same is true for a podcast, a TV show, a commercial, a newspaper, etc.

    Contrast that with a bulletin board, a call-in radio show, Twitter, discussion forums, comments on a blog post, Facebook, etc. The core value that these forms of media deliver relies on Metcalfe’s Law – the more people who use them, the more valuable they are. The more social they are. The core value diminishes with fewer people and ultimately, the product or service has no inherent value.

    When you need to develop an understanding of whether something or not falls in the social sphere, examine careful what its value is, and how the impact of more people changes its value. If the value of the item, network, service, or thing is independent of participation, if Metcalfe’s Law does not drive its core value, it’s not social – and that’s perfectly okay. A well-made hammer’s value is not reliant on the number of people who buy and use it.

    If the same product, service, etc. has its value completely unravel if Metcalfe’s Law were applied in reverse – taking away people from it – then it’s social, and requires people to generate its value; the more people who generate value, the more value it has.

    This also means that some aspects of “traditional media” are inherently social – call-in radio shows, the classifieds in newspapers, even a corkboard in the employee breakroom.

    Three things for marketers to think about: if something isn’t social by design, that’s fine. Don’t try to force it to be social, because it won’t fit. A bouquet of flowers and a perfect sunset can’t Twitter, and never should. Instead focus your efforts on using a different marketing model that works with whatever the core value of your product or service is.

    If something “traditional” is social by design in your work already, bringing it online will vastly accelerate its growth and value thanks to how easily socially-powered things spread online.

    When your boss, client, friend, neighbor, or kid asks you to make something social (because social media is the shiny object of the day) ask them this: do you want to create something which [a] has no value of its own and [b] is solely reliant on the temperament of the crowd for its value, knowing that one screw-up can destroy everything and leave you with nothing of value?

    Personally, I’d ask them instead whether they want to create something that has so much value inherent to it that others can’t help but talk about it and promote it for you in a social context.

    What defines social media for you?

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  • My morning news-stand

    Do you know what happens when you set foot in the ocean?

    In that brief moment, you touch the world, all of it, because every drop of water that touches your feet has touched every shore, every beach ever.

    So it is with the Internet, with social media, and with the news. When you check the morning news in your country, do you just check what’s happening in your nation, province, or city? Or do you take advantage of that little copper or fiber wire in your wall that is your footstep into the world?

    I try to make a habit of checking headlines from major news sources every day to see more than one perspective. On my morning news-stand (fed into Google Reader and Calibre for the Kindle as well):

    • BBC News
    • The Boston Globe
    • Bloomberg
    • Reuters
    • CNN
    • The New York Times
    • Daily Telegraph
    • Montreal Gazette
    • Toronto Globe and Mail
    • The Sydney Morning Herald
    • Asahi Shinbun
    • Al Jazeera
    • The Jerusalem Post
    • Xinhua

    If you don’t already read the headlines or news from a country other than your own, start today. It’s free to do and will give you a much wider perspective on what the world thinks is important. As recently happened with President Obama’s speech in Cairo, while the American media was occupied with David Carradine’s death, the rest of the world was mulling over the President’s words. If you read only American news sources, you might have missed some very interesting reactions elsewhere.

    Are you deeply involved in social media? If so, chances are you’ve got at least one follower or friend in another country. Might be useful to know what’s topping the news where your friends are, too.

    What’s on your news-stand?

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  • How powerful is your social media?

    Thousands of followers on Twitter.

    Klout Score of 99.99999.

    Blog/PR/Twitter/Facebook/etc. Grader ranks you in the top X on the network of your choice.

    All of these sound familiar, right? All of these sound wonderful, showcase your social media expertise, innovation, thought leadership, cutting edge, leading, luminary status. Fine and good.

    How much power do you actually have?

    BoatsWhen someone sends you a message asking for help finding a job, how powerful is your social media skill? Can you actually help them find a job with your network in a reasonable amount of time, or are your tweets, retweets, notes, and comments simply disappearing into the ether with no discernible results?

    This is why I adamantly oppose anyone calling themselves – or calling me – a social media expert, guru, luminary, etc. I can’t guarantee that if you come to me, my network can provide you a new job opportunity in 24 hours. I can’t guarantee that if you come to me, my network can put together amazing amounts of business to restore you to profitability.

    I would expect anyone billing themselves as a social media expert to have such great power and authority that they could do exactly that. Need a new job? One hit to the network and you’re all set. Need customers? A blog post on your super-authoritative blog instantly brings new success. I can’t and won’t make that promise. I know that I can’t fulfill it. Very few people can.

    Over the past couple of weeks, I’ve had the opportunity to have conversations with hundreds of people about social media, and a lot of people are passing the pitcher of Kool Aid and drinking too much. Social media is important in that it does help you expand your networks, your horizons, and your ability to connect with colleagues, consumers, professionals, and customers in new and different ways. Direct to consumer communication and interaction is unquestionably one of the continuing trends and people need to stay in front of what’s happening. That said, social media is not a panacea or a magic wand and far too many people are piling on incredibly unrealistic expectations of what social media should be able to do for them.

    If you have solid business practices and revenue models, don’t you dare give them up in the hopes that a shiny object can improve them. Continue what you know works while you test new things. If you have a broken business model, a broken revenue model, you need to fix the foundations of your house first before delving into social media. No amount of Tweeting about your company will shore up bad fundamentals. If your product, service, idea, or company is unremarkable, social media will only communicate that fact broadly and quickly.

    Participate in social media, but don’t expect it to be a lifeboat if your ship is going down. At best, it’s a fine oar that requires you to already be sitting in a solid boat.


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  • Your attention, please

    Twitter ReplyBotAttention is incredibly scarce. Why? There are so many ways to divert it. Father Roderick Vonhogen once famously said that the Catholic Church isn’t competing with Islam or Judaism – it’s competing with ABC, CNN, YouTube, and Facebook. The same is true for you, your company, products, or services, and your industry. You are competing for the same 24 hours a day that every other form of media is competing for. The fact that you’re reading these words at all is something for which I owe you thanks because of the myriad other ways you could be spending your time and focus right now.

    It used to be in the old days that the easiest way to buy attention was to trade it for money. On a large scale, you bought attention from media outlets. On a small scale, giving away your stuff for free was a great way to trade money for attention. Nowadays, things are a little more complicated. Everyone and everything is the media, which means that buying up attention in media is virtually impossible. Giving away something for free is so commonplace that consumers have grown to expect free as a cost of your doing business rather than a kindness.

    So what’s left? How do you still get a consumer to spend some attention with you?

    There are two parts to this mystical formula. The second we all know well – have stuff worth talking about, worth paying attention to, worth sharing. Vintage marketing advice. Sometimes that’s enough – in the rare cases when something “goes viral”, or explodes in popularity, word of mouth is enough. The catch is this – in order for people to spread it, they have to know that it exists. That brings us to the first point – how do you get someone’s attention long enough for them to become aware of your existence?

    The answer, unsurprisingly, is advertising. Interruption marketing. It’s still a necessity until you reach the critical mass of consumers needed to start spreading the word, a bit like getting a campfire started. After a certain point, you just throw wood on it – your quality products or services. But in the beginning, no amount of wood thrown in a pile will ever turn into a campfire without that initial flame.

    What gets that fire started? Well, you can still buy advertising. That doesn’t work as well as it used to, but it does still work if you have the budget. What if you don’t have the budget? For good or ill, social media and social networking amplify Malcolm Gladwell’s Connectors – people who are hubs of their networks with hundreds or thousands of friends, connections, and followers. Find those people, connect with them, invest your time in politely interrupting them, and if what you have is worth paying attention to, they’ll help you get the attention of their networks.

    The very best connectors are the connectors in your vertical. While it’s amazing and impressive that my friend Chris Brogan has 65,000+ friends and followers on Twitter, if you’re, say, an independent musician or a freelance photographer, your work will be of interest to only a certain percentage of Chris’ audience. Better to spend your time looking for the Connectors in your vertical, your niche, who have audiences keenly interested in what you’ve got to share.

    How do you find those Connectors? That’s a topic for another time…

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  • Time is not money

    There’s a popular expression, a cliche, that says time is money. However, time isn’t money. Why?

    There is no such way to intermediate time. There is no coinage for time, no way to purchase time back that you have spent. If time were actually money, you could buy back that missed softball game or child’s first play. You can’t.

    In fact, when you think about it, time isn’t money, but money is time. Money represents a store of value in classical economics terms, and value is time and energy spent on something.

    Look at all of the things that function as money or precursors of money. The Pequot tribe had a certain kind of seashell called wampum. Multiple civilizations used gold and other metals as coinage. Why? Because these items were rare. Finding them, prospecting them, and refining them took time and effort.

    Consider money as a store of time and energy, then. How long does it take for you to mine up a nugget of gold? Let’s say as a skilled miner that takes you two hours. How long does it take to harvest an ear of corn? For a skilled farmer, probably a few minutes at most. Thus, that nugget of gold is a time equivalent of two hours for a skilled tradesman. If you can harvest 80 ears of corn in two hours as a skilled farmer, then your corn is worth two hours of your efforts – or a nugget of gold, or whatever other store of value you choose. More important, as trades specialized over millennia of human history, it would take far longer for the miner to skill up his corn harvesting than it would for him to simply pay for the corn itself.

    Time + energy + skill = value.

    This is the basis of money, the raw foundation of money. Money stores value, and value is time, energy, and skill combined.

    Consider what this means for social media and new media.

    What things are you investing your time in, building skill, so that you’re creating value?

    When someone starts to talk about monetization, exactly what value are they placing on your time, effort, and skill? More important, what value do you place on yourself?

    This, by the way, is why so many folks in social media object to monetization – not because money is bad, but because any new field inevitably has two extremes: those folks willing to value themselves for a pittance (thus devaluing everyone else) or those folks who pimp and sell at obscenely high prices far above the value they create, thus undermining the entire community’s reputation and devaluing everyone else. After a field matures and the low bidders & snake oil salesmen are washed out, a balanced perspective on value is usually achieved.

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  • Twitter: sometimes brevity means all meat

    Public domain photo of meat shopWe banter a lot in discussions about social media and the various applications of it. Twitter, for good or ill, has come to dominate a lot of people’s thinking about what social media is, despite it being only a small piece of the puzzle. That said, Twitter does a great job of encouraging brevity with a 140 character restriction per message. Sometimes this creates inscrutability or long streams of drivel broken into bite size chunks, but sometimes…

    … just sometimes …

    … it distills the essence of what you want. It becomes all meat, no fat, trimmed to perfection. It’s rare, but it happens. Here’s an example of just how good Twitter can be if people distill the essence of what they want out of the service.

    Danny Sullivan, SEO extraordinaire, held a Q&A session via Twitter. He then logged everything to a single blog post.

    This is knowledge distilled. You’ll get so much out of this one post (and corresponding links to more resources) than you’ll get from 99% of the search engine blogs out there or the endless blathering of self-proclaimed “social media gurus”. I picked up and learned things from Danny’s session summary that I didn’t know, and I consider myself reasonably well versed in SEO.

    The lesson reinforced: be an expert in something, and use social media to deliver the goods (as opposed to being a “social media expert”). In this case, Twitter forced both questioners and Danny as the expert to go for the all-meat distillation of knowledge, and the end product is concentrated brain food.

    This to me is the essence of great Twitter usage and I’d love to see much more of this.

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