Category: Strategy

  • Lead generation and fishing pools

    If you’ve ever gone fishing at a small pond or stream, you know that there are a certain number of big fish, a certain number of medium fish, and a whole bunch of fish you don’t want.

    Fall Photos

    In the beginning of the season, fishing is awesome. You catch some big fish, take a few selfies, and enjoy some pan fried fish. As the days go on, the fish get smaller on average, until the pool isn’t really yielding great catches any more. After you’ve caught the fish you do want, there’s not much else to do at that fishing pool. You have to leave it until the little fish grow up to be big fish, and there’s no way to hasten that process. You go off and find a new fishing hole and come back to your favorite little fishing hole later in the season or the next season.

    Lead generation functions very much like this. The first time you find a new lead source, whether it’s an audience on Twitter, the listeners of a podcast, an email newsletter you can contribute to, etc., it performs great. You get a fair number of the big leads. You get a lot of the medium leads, and you get a fair number of the small leads, too. Then over time, lead quality begins to decline. The volume of leads goes down. Pretty soon, the lead source performs no better than general advertising, and that’s because the only new leads in that pool are coming in from other sources.

    What this means for you strategically is that you’ve always got to have another lead source, another fishing pool you can move to. Once a source begins to dry up or show signs of tapering, you can move to the next pool… and then the next pool. This is also one of the reasons why you need a balance of inbound and outbound marketing; inbound marketing methods are effectively only a handful of pools (like organic search and organic social), and switching pools can take a fairly long time. Outbound marketing with paid media allows you to switch pools rapidly – just swipe your credit card and turn on ads in a new pool.

    If you’re in a situation where your existing pools have been fished out, pack up your gear and start walking, because you need to make it to the next pool before you or your business get really hungry.


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  • Effort signals intent

    One of the peculiar features of the new Ello platform is that it’s missing controls that we take for granted now on social networks. You can click retweet and instantly send someone else’s message to your followers. You can click twice in Facebook on the Share button and the message spreads. You can hit the Forward button in Google+.

    What do you have to do in Ello? Copy and paste, plus manually attribute to the author:

    Ello___stevegarfield
    Content credit: Steve Garfield

    Oddly, this isn’t a failure to me, because effort signals intent. My cat can accidentally retweet something just by playing with the computer mouse or stepping on my phone. Bots and scripts can and do reshare and retweet effortlessly all of the time, and that word signals the problem: when something is effortless, you don’t have to commit anything to it. When you don’t have to commit time, energy, effort, or resources to something, it has very little value. How much, to a brand marketer, is a retweet from my cat worth? Even if you’re selling cat food, my cat can’t read, so while the metric says yes, you got some social engagement, the reality is that you got a random cat paw.

    If you have to work a little, that puts up a very small barrier to entry. That puts up a tiny speed bump – but to an audience looking for mindless and instant, you may as well have put up the Great Wall of China.

    Think carefully in your own marketing about what kinds of engagement require effort and what kinds don’t. Measure carefully those that take commitment and effort, and make a special effort to reach out to those who do commit to you, because they are signaling much greater intent. That intent might be evangelism, might be purchase intent, might be a new personal relationship waiting to happen. Reward it! Reward people commensurate to the effort they make towards you, and keep those who work hardest on your brand’s behalf closest to you.

    Not all digital activities are equal!


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  • Social is as social does

    Amidst all the chatter about new social networks and how brands should be interacting with audiences, a simple lesson has been missed, one courtesy of Forrest Gump.

    forrestgumpbench

    The fictional character’s famous quote, stupid is as stupid does, is one equally applicable to social media: social is as social does.

    When marketing managers and directors are looking at numbers, charts, KPIs, and metrics about things like social media engagement, interactions per hour, new followers, etc. and wondering why social media isn’t delivering its fabled results, the answer can usually be found in that aphorism. Social is as social does.

    Take a look at this simple chart of a national brand and how many questions on their Facebook Page they don’t answer, as well as the response time:

    _Response_Rate___Socialbakers_Engagement_Analytics

    Social is as social does. If you’re taking half a day to answer fans’ questions, and answering 1 out of every 6 questions, then don’t be surprised when your social media engagement metrics are in the toilet, when your audience stops talking to you, when people give up because you don’t interact with them.

    Being social means doing the basics of human civility, the sort of thing that you tell a four year old.

    Say hello and goodbye to people.
    Answer questions when you’re asked.
    Talk about the other person more than you talk about yourself.
    Don’t interrupt other people talking.
    You have two ears and one mouth; use them in that proportion.
    Be polite.

    When marketers say that social is all about “being human”, that’s what we’re talking about: accomplishing the basics of being a functional human being. It’s not magic. It is effort.

    The next time you’re looking at your social media marketing metrics and you’re not happy with the results, ask yourself if you’re being as social as your audience wants you to be.

    Social is as social does.


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  • What Starcraft should tell you about your social media strategy

    I’ve been playing the heck out of Starcraft II recently, having finally gotten around to buying it. It’s tremendous fun and is a true real-time strategy game, like Warcraft was before World of Warcraft. Starcraft teaches you a heck of a lot about tactical strategy because it’s fairly unforgiving of bad strategy. You know whether X idea is a good one or a bad one in short order.

    Screen_Shot_2014-09-28_at_9_42_47_PM

    As you play the game, you have to build little buildings and troops, then place them on the map where you think they’ll do the most good. The catch is that you have a finite number of resources to work with and everything you build takes time. Thus, if you plan poorly, your opponent can kick your butt while all your resources are being used for unproductive things.

    One of the strategies I play with to make sure I’m not open to an easy, preventable loss is the idea of outposts and headquarters. Rather than try to spread my forces out all over the map, I fortify one area near my main buildings, then send out scouts and builders to construct modest outposts around areas of interest. If I find an especially valuable place to be, I’ll add more troops and buildings so that it’s not easily overrun. The outposts serve as early warning systems – they’re well-defended enough that they put up at least a little resistance, enough warning for me to recall all of my troops if something bad is coming my way. Meanwhile, my headquarters is armed to the teeth so that I can continue to build my army.

    This strategy plays out surprisingly well in social media and on social networks. Unless you’ve got massive headcount and resources, you can’t be everywhere all the time. You can and should set up outposts on every network that you practically and reasonably can, and make at least a token effort to customize them and tell people where to find you. Better to set up an outpost and tell people where to go than to spread yourself too thin and do nothing really well. Like the Starcraft 101 strategy, you also want to pick one or two places, maybe three, where you’re going to do the big building, where you’re going to “mine for resources” and construct the heavy guns.

    Also like Starcraft, where you choose to set up shop can and should change. In the game, you can exhaust your resource nodes and be forced to find new ones. This is equally true in social media. A social network can stop delivering for you – anyone who invested heavily in MySpace can tell you that. Anyone who spend a fortune on Facebook Likes can tell you that. Be ready and willing to pick up and move to a place where you do get the results you want.

    Take these basic lessons from Starcraft and see how they apply to your social media strategy!


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  • Business models of social networks

    When it comes to evaluating a new social network, such as the new Ello, one of the most important questions you can ask is how sustainable it is. The best perspective on the sustainability of any business is summarized by Jerry Maguire:

    show me the money!

    How does this new social network – or any social network – plan to stay in business? After all, a social network isn’t free. There are servers – even in the cloud – that cost money. Bandwidth costs money. Disk space, even with platforms like Amazon S3 and EC2, still costs money, and the more popular a network is, the more money it costs. That money has to come from somewhere.

    From a business perspective, there are three fundamental models for how a social network can make money:

    1. The network charges users. This is the most straightforward business model. The user pays a fee and the business uses those fees to stay in business.

    2. The business sells something that subsidizes the network. Path did this with stickers. Spiceworks does this with its user community.

    3. The network charges advertisers. This converts the user into the product, and the advertiser as the customer. Facebook and Twitter are the most prominent examples of this.

    There are hybrids of these models. Path sold stickers and also sold premium memberships. LinkedIn is one of the few networks that manages to do all three: charges users (Premium profiles and features), selling ad space (LinkedIn Marketing Solutions), and selling a product (LinkedIn Talent Solutions). But if a social network doesn’t do one of these, then in the long term it’s not sustainable.

    Ello has made the bold statement that it is an ad-free network, which means that to stay in business, it must do either #1 or #2.

    The thing we must know for any new social network, whether it’s Ello or perhaps a new wave of entrants, is simple: show me the money. If it’s not there, don’t place more than a token bet on the network’s long-term future.


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  • Networking for people who hate networking

    One of the constant career tips you’ll hear at every level of business and marketing is to go out and “network”. As a former IT guy, I once thought that networking with Ethernet cables and routers was significantly more fun and entertaining than business networking, where you force yourself to go out and talk to people you don’t know and have no reason to talk to, other than “networking”.

    starwars4_1938

    However, that was the wrong way to approach it. A powerful networking trick I learned from one of my martial arts instructors made networking much more valuable AND fun. One night at the dojo, Jon F. Merz was mentioning that as an exercise, he tried to go through his entire high school reunion without giving away any details about his life, always redirecting the conversation back to the person he was talking to. This takes advantage of people’s natural inclinations to want to talk about themselves, and is a handy trick for people who want to gather information without giving away too much.

    What a handy, powerful way to reframe networking. What if, instead of viewing it as an exercise in performance and narcissism, you viewed it as intelligence gathering, information gathering? Wouldn’t that change how you acted? Wouldn’t that change your goals, even the questions you asked? Instead of being forced to find a way to talk about yourself (which is difficult to do well), you now have a much simpler laundry list of questions you can start with.

    • So, what do you do for work?
    • What did you think of the keynote speaker’s talk?
    • What brought you to this event?
    • What do you make of (industry trend)?
    • Who do you work for? (if the badge isn’t visible and you don’t want to stare)

    Once you get the conversation going with questions, it’s easy to keep the questions coming, keep the information flowing. Listen for keywords and terms that you legitimately want to know more about and have simple conversation prompters ready.

    • I’ve heard of (keyword) but don’t know much about it. Can you tell me a little more about that?
    • That’s cool, I’ve always wondered about (topic). Have you worked a lot with it?
    • Interesting. How did you deal with that?

    Finally, have porcupines and words at the ready as well. Porcupines are a question type where you immediately hand back a question to something someone said, as though they had handed you a porcupine. So imagine someone saying, “Are you having trouble with content marketing?” The porcupine would be, “How about you?” Single question words are also powerful ways to get someone to talk more. When they mention a topic, simply repeat back just the topic and only the topic. For example, someone might say, “Oh, and we’ve been really struggling with keywords and SEO ranking lately” to which you’d say, “Keywords?” and the conversation will flow.

    Turn your networking game into an information gathering game. Not only will it become much more comfortable for those of you who are introverted, but you’ll also make the people you’re talking to feel like the star of the show – and that will accomplish your networking goals far faster than talking about yourself.


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  • Validating your marketing audience

    One of our toughest challenges in marketing is new people – specifically, how to find the right new people to keep our businesses growing. Without new audiences, without new growth at the top of the funnel, our businesses will tread water at best, if not decline. In the bad old days of marketing, we had to take out massive numbers of advertisements to very broad audiences in the hopes of catching the attention of a tiny piece of a part of the audience that we actually wanted to do business with. We had no idea who our audiences were, and certainly no way to tell who they should be.

    Today, things are a little better. Thanks to the abundance of data from social media and digital marketing analytics tools, we can gain an understanding of who our audience is, and who it should be. Let’s look now at how to determine whether our company’s audience is aligned with the broader audience we could have.

    We’ll start with the characteristics of your existing audience. For this, we’ll use Google Analytics. If you don’t have demographics turned on, now would be the time to do that. (if you don’t know how, I’m available for hire through my employer 😉 )

    We’ll use my website data as the example. Here’s the broad demographics of my audience.

    Demographics__Overview_-_Google_Analytics

    What we see here is a sweet spot of sorts, ages 25-54 where the bulk of my visitors are coming from. That’s one thing to note. There’s a gender imbalance, about 3:2 in favor of males. Is this good? Is this bad? I don’t know yet. Let’s keep digging.

    I can also look at their interests:

    Interests__Overview_-_Google_Analytics

    Finally, I can go search – assuming my Google Analytics is tied to my Webmaster Tools account – to see how people are finding my website.

    Queries_-_Google_Analytics

    So now I’ve got a reasonably good starting place to understand my audience. From here we’ll flip over to Facebook Audience Insights, part of the Facebook advertising suite. If I plug in some of the basic characteristics of my audience, like age and topic (marketing), I can see what that audience looks like.

    _5__Audience_Insights

    There’s an immediate and painful disparity: Facebook shows me that the gender balance for marketing folks is 2:1 female. My audience is a mismatch to the broad population. Now suppose I want to reach executives in digital marketing. I’d restrict the annual income to over $100K household income:

    _5__Audience_Insights

    Now I’ve got a sense of what my audience should look like versus the reality of what it is today.

    At this point it’s safe to draw a conclusion: my audience could and should look a little different than it currently does. Since I just built this exact audience on Facebook using their Audience Insights tool, I could simply hit the advertising button and start showing ads to them immediately. I could also do some research to find out where else this audience spends time online and look at those outlets for either advertising or contributed content opportunities.

    So to paraphrase the popular credit card slogan: what’s in your audience? Go find out and then see if it’s in alignment with reality.


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  • Whose rules are you playing by?

    Over the weekend, my daughter came to me to tell me all about a new iPad video game she had found called Wonder Zoo. If you’ve never heard of it (I certainly hadn’t), Wonder Zoo is a free-to-play (with in-app purchases) game that resembles Zoo Tycoon or Sim Zoo. You collect animals, assemble a zoom, follow quests, and level up. It’s got all of the stock tropes of a typical time-killer video game that wants you to spend lots of real world dollars to make gameplay more fun.

    IMG_1482

    When she brought it to me, my daughter was looking at the selection of buildings available in the game. There was a drink stand, a hot dog stand, a balloon stand, and a few other ones. She said she wasn’t sure which one to pick, they were all so cute. I said, what’s the goal of the game? Is it to make coins so that you can go and capture more animals? She agreed, and I switched applications to Google Spreadsheets. I said, let’s get the data. How many coins does a drink stand earn in what time period? How many coins does a hot dog stand earn in what time period?

    We did the math and it turns out for efficiency’s sake, even though they’re not nearly as cool looking, balloon stands generate the highest rate of return. Even though from a real-world perspective it was illogical to build a zoo without refreshments, rest rooms, or decorations, from a gaming perspective, a zoo filled with balloon stands made the most financial sense. Likewise, when it came to laying out the zoo, I suggested that instead of laying it out randomly or by attractiveness, that she lay out the zoo in a perfect grid system to maximize the number of revenue-generating exhibits she could place before having to invest in more land.

    She asked me why I don’t like cute zoos. I said that cute is irrelevant in this particular case. I told her that the game developers are counting on you to make emotional decisions and follow rules that are only in your head about what a zoo is “supposed” to look like. The actual rules of the game are different than the rules we assume in our heads. I mentioned that the developers – and their revenue model – are counting on these assumptions and the subsequent bad decisions you’ll make from them in order to make money on you. She could do what they wanted and not have much fun, or make rational, logical, forward thinking choices that aren’t as much fun in the beginning, but would provide a solid foundation for her to play the game how she wanted later on.

    The core life lesson for my daughter – and for all of us as business professionals – is that we can do what other people want us to do, or we can set ourselves up for success so that we can do what we want to do. Make sure you’re optimizing for what the rules of the game actually are, and not what you think they are.


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  • Formulaic marketing

    One complaint often heard about marketing is that it’s too formulaic, that it’s too rote and lacks creativity. “Don’t you have something new?” is a common refrain asked of marketers like you and I. Our answer, too often, is to scramble to try and invent something new on the spot and usually not produce something better than the formula. Perhaps, in the words of Chen Stormstout, there is a better question: “is the formula working?”

    Consider this: some of the bestselling authors on the planet, whose works are loved by millions, obey clear, unambiguous formulae. “Trashy romance novels” all follow the same boy meets girl formula. Even one of my favorite authors, the late and beloved Tom Clancy, had clear formulae for his books. The topics and subjects may have varied, but the underlying structure shared many common themes.

    MarTech 2014 Boston Watercolors

    Think about what you cook in the kitchen. A recipe is nothing more than a formula, a way of ensuring you get a consistent result each time you try to make a dish. Ultimately, the question isn’t whether or not you should be using a formula/recipe in the kitchen, but whether the recipe is any good. If it’s not, you work on it until the recipe is a good one.

    Do the same with your marketing. Don’t invent things for the sake of invention – one of the greatest lies about innovation in today’s marketing. Rely on formulae that work, discard or improve formulae that don’t work, but don’t mindlessly throw away the process of systematizing your marketing because it feels uncreative. Be creative within your marketing recipes, be creative about improving them, but keep the recipes. It’s the only way to ensure consistency and scale.


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  • The tactical advantage of new things

    A very brief strategic thought about why you shouldn’t wait to try new things in the world of marketing. New things capture the attention of the early adopters but the laggards and the mainstream are slow to catch on. There are thousands of marketing managers out there waiting for the case study to come out, and when it does, they’ll flock to the not-so-new thing like lemmings, causing considerably more poor performance. The best time to exact incredible performance from something new is before the masses arrive.

    For example, when LinkedIn Sponsored Updates first hit the marketing world, very few brands were trying it. As part of my work at SHIFT Communications, I jumped in with both feet (and corporate credit card), and got some astonishingly good results from it. Just a week later, so many more of the rest of the crowd was trying them out that performance was a full 20% lower. The space got crowded quickly.

    Here’s one of the few guarantees of marketing: if you’re waiting for the case study of the industry leader, you are guaranteed not to be that industry leader. Jump in as resources and time permit, experiment, and constantly be ahead of the crowd, ahead of the competition. You don’t have to go all-in and put all your chips across the line on every new thing, but you do need to at least ante up.

    Where do you go to find new things? Search the final frontier. Read lots of blogs. Read developer notes. Use developer sites. The new stuff is always happening in development first, and eventually finds its way to marketing.


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